Walter Moses Burton broke barriers in 1869 when he became America’s first Black elected sheriff. His remarkable journey from slavery to political power in Texas is a testament to perseverance and leadership.
From Enslaved Man to Influential Landowner
Born into slavery in North Carolina, Burton arrived in Texas at age 21. His owner, Thomas Burke Burton, sold him several large plots of land for $1,900. This purchase made Walter one of the wealthiest and most influential Black men in Fort Bend County.
Burton’s path to success was unusual for his time. Many former slaves struggled to build wealth after emancipation. However, Burton’s business acumen and determination set him apart.
Making History as America’s First Black Sheriff
In 1869, just four years after the Civil War ended, Burton won election as sheriff and tax collector of Fort Bend County. This victory made him the first Black sheriff in both Texas and the entire United States.
Burton faced unique challenges in his role. Due to racial tensions, he used a white deputy to make arrests. Despite these obstacles, he served as sheriff until 1873, proving his leadership skills.
Championing Black Education in the Texas Senate
Burton’s political career didn’t end with his time as sheriff. In 1873, he successfully campaigned for a seat in the Texas Senate. He served from 1874 to 1875 and again from 1876 to 1882.
During his time in the Senate, Burton focused on improving education for Black Texans. He helped pass a bill establishing Prairie View Normal School, now known as Prairie View A&M University. This institution has educated generations of Black students.
Overcoming Political Challenges
Burton’s first Senate term was marked by controversy. His election was contested because his name appeared three different ways on the ballot. After careful consideration, the Senate confirmed his victory on February 20, 1874.
Despite these challenges, Burton persevered. He won re-election in 1876 and served until 1883. Upon leaving office, a white colleague presented him with an ebony and gold cane in recognition of his service.
Legacy and Lasting Impact
Burton remained active in politics until his death on June 4, 1913. He was the last Black state senator elected in Texas until Barbara Jordan’s victory in 1966, over 80 years later.
Today, Burton’s legacy lives on. In 1996, the Fort Bend Independent School District named an elementary school in his honor. The school, located in Fresno, Texas, proudly calls its mascot the Burton Sheriff.
Walter Moses Burton’s life shows how one person can make history and create lasting change. From slavery to the state senate, he paved the way for future generations of Black leaders in Texas and beyond.
